Los efectos adversos de la luz artificial por la noche
Palabras clave:
ritmos circadianos, contaminación lumínica, depresión, alteraciones circadianas, síndrome metabólico, cáncerResumen
Nuestro cuerpo tiene un reloj biológico y todos los tejidos son osciladores que siguen al ciclo diario de luz-oscuridad para poder cambiar la intensidad de la conducta y nuestras funciones fisiológicas y de esta forma hacernos más eficientes según si estamos despiertos o dormidos. Nuestro reloj biológico reconoce cuando está oscuro y cuando hay luz y lo interpreta como día y noche. Con el uso de la luz eléctrica, que comenzó alrededor del siglo pasado, este sistema temporal ha sido alterada. Los científicos han comenzado a señalar que la exposición a la luz por la noche confunde al reloj biológico lo cual puede tener consecuencias sociales, ecológicas, conductuales y para la salud. Las personas que se exponen a la luz eléctrica por largas horas durante la noche son las más afectadas, particularmente los trabajadores nocturnos. Sin embargo, cambios en el estilo de vida han llevado a que jóvenes y niños se expongan desde edades tempranas a este fenómeno conocido como “contaminación lumínica”. En este texto pretendemos exhibir las evidencias clínicas y experimentales que indican que la luz artificial por la noche es un factor adverso, promotor de alteraciones en el sistema circadiano, en la fisiología y, por lo tanto, la contaminación lumínica es un factor de riesgo para la salud pública.
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