El frijol en la Era Genómica
Palabras clave:
frijol común, Phaseolus, mejora de cultivos, herramientas genómicas, recursos genéticos, genoma de referencia, mejora asistida por marcadoresResumen
México es el centro de origen, domesticación y diversidad genética del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris), la leguminosa de consumo humano directo más importante del mundo. Junto con el maíz, los frijoles han sido la base de la alimentación de los mexicanos durante miles de años. A pesar de su importancia, su cultivo ha sido desplazado, lo que ha implicado pérdidas de la diversidad genética. Las poblaciones silvestres del frijol, así como de otros parientes silvestres del género Phaseolus, son un recurso importante para el fitomejoramiento, ya que albergan genes de tolerancia a factores ambientales adversos, que pueden utilizarse para ampliar la base genética del frijol cultivado en programas de mejora. Los avances recientes en el desarrollo de herramientas genómicas, así como la existencia de un genoma de referencia de la especie, prometen un extraordinario desarrollo de los programas de mejora, para asegurar una disponibilidad de diversidad suficiente y poder afrontar así las futuras demandas de la producción agrícola ante condiciones climáticas impredecibles.
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