Pérdida de visión por diabetes: detección y tratamiento
Palabras clave:
retinopatía diabética, visión, unidad neurovascular, criterios de valoración funcional temprana, terapiasResumen
La retinopatía diabética (RD), enfermedad de la retina comúnmente clasificada como una complicación vascular de la diabetes, es ahora reconocida como una afección que implica tanto a los vasos como a las neuronas (neurovascular). Muchas evidencias apuntan a que esta neuropatía sensorial resulta de la ruptura de la unidad neurovascular. A pesar de ello, las terapias actuales se centran en limitar las anomalías vasculares, incluyendo la formación de vasos sanguíneos irregulares y la hinchazón en la parte central de la retina (conocida como edema macular). Con base en que la ruptura de la unidad neurovascular es un evento temprano en la RD, muchos esfuerzos científicos se centran en encontrar los mecanismos que se vinculan con su ruptura, para lograr el desarrollo de nuevos tratamientos en etapas tempranas. Sin embargo, también hace falta desarrollar y validar nuevos marcadores tempranos de la función visual para reducir la duración de los ensayos clínicos y acelerar la entrega de nuevos tratamientos contra la RD para la población en general. En este trabajo, revisamos qué es la unidad neurovascular retiniana y las alteraciones tempranas que la misma sufre en condiciones de diabetes, y examinamos a detalle la necesidad de generar criterios de valoración temprana de la función visual para los futuros ensayos clínicos que evalúan ...
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