El enemigo de mi enemigo es… Un virus que ataca a las bacterias: los bacteriófagos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22201/cuaieed.16076079e.2021.22.4.1Palabras clave:
terapia de bacteriófagos, endolisinas, enzibióticos, partículas tipo virus (VLP), fantasmas bacterianosResumen
Los virus son partículas que infectan a todas las formas de vida. Los virus bacteriófagos, que infectan bacterias, fueron descubiertos antes que los antibióticos. A pesar de su tamaño pequeño, han contribuido al desarrollo científico desde hace décadas, como en el descubrimiento de numerosas enzimas con aplicaciones en la biología molecular.1 En este trabajo se analizarán aspectos generales de la biología de los virus bacteriófagos, su contribución a la salud y se presentarán algunos casos exitosos de la terapia antimicrobiana usando bacteriófagos en humanos y animales. Aunque la terapia con bacteriófagos no cuenta con autorización para su uso global, ya existen formulaciones comerciales de bacteriófagos para la industria alimentaria. Se describirá el arma principal de los bacteriófagos, la endolisina, enzima que “revienta” a las bacterias. Las endolisinas se consideran una alternativa más segura que los bacteriófagos, al carecer de material genético. Los bacteriófagos y las endolisinas tienen aplicaciones revolucionarias en la medicina, como vehículos de transporte de moléculas y generación de vacunas, de fantasmas bacterianos, o en la detección diagnóstica de bacterias patógenas.
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