Recordar para olvidar: cómo la reactivación de una memoria permite su modificación
Palabras clave:
memoria, reconsolidación, extinción, reactivación, trastorno de estrés postraumático, terapia de exposición prolongadaResumen
La capacidad de recordar experiencias pasadas es sumamente importante, ya que nos permite tomar decisiones en el presente, dar ilación a nuestra vida y coherencia a nuestra personalidad. Sin embargo, las experiencias particularmente negativas generan memorias persistentes que pueden afectar nuestra salud mental, como en el caso del estrés postraumático. No obstante, al recordarse, el contenido de una memoria traumática puede cambiar, lo cual permite manipularla positivamente. La finalidad del presente escrito es describir la reconsolidación y la extinción, dos fenómenos neurobiológicos en los que una memoria se modifica tras su reactivación. Éstos subyacen a procedimientos clínicos como la exposición prolongada, ampliamente usada para tratar estrés postraumático.
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