Gatekeeper Training for suicide prevention in students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22201/cuaieed.16076079e.2023.24.6.6Keywords:
suicide prevention, Guardians Training, mental health, suicidal behaviors, college studentsAbstract
Students and teachers can receive gatekeeper training (GT) to prevent behaviors associated with suicide. As of 2017, at UNAM FES Iztacala, this training is carried out based on the literacy of some mental disorders most frequently associated with suicide, such as depressive symptoms. This brief training shows promising results and can be received by anyone without being a mental health professional, and will be in a position to detect early signs of suicidal risk, identify the level of risk, have a conversation with the person to motivate them to receive professional help, and refer them for appropriate evaluation or treatment. The results show that after the GT the participants increase the level of information about mental disorders related to suicide, acquire skills based on Motivational Interviewing to work on ambivalence towards receiving professional help, and increase confidence in their ability to refer a person at risk. The response from the university community to EG has been very positive, and offers hope on how educating people on these issues contributes to prevention.
References
Binder, R. L. (2016). ‘Typical or troubled’: early intervention program with proven effectiveness. Psychiatric news. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2016.4a11.
cisame cdmx. (2023). Capacitación Guardianes. [Archivo de Vídeo]. Youtube. https://n9.cl/6b8i5.
creas. (2017). Entrenamiento En Guardianes de Emergencias Psicológicas. [Archivo de Vídeo]. Youtube. https://n9.cl/pau9o.
Fisher, W. A., Fisher, J. D., y Harman, J. (2003). The information-motivation-behavioraI skills model: A general social psychological approach to understanding and promoting health behavior. In J. Suls y K. A. Wallston (Eds.), Social psychological foundations of health and illness (pp. 82–106). Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470753552.ch4.
Francisco, D. (2022, junio 23). Guardianes, acompañantes de quienes tienen problemas de salud mental. Gaceta unam. https://www.gaceta.unam.mx/guardianes-acompanantes-de-quienes-tienen-problemas-de-salud-mental/.
Ghoncheh, R., Koot, H. M., y Kerkhof, A. J. (2014). Suicide prevention e-learning modules designed for gatekeepers. Crisis, 35(3), 176–185. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000249.
Ghoncheh, R., Gould, M. S., Twisk, J. W., Kerkhof, A. J., y Koot, H. M. (2016). Efficacy of adolescent suicide prevention e-learning modules for gatekeepers: a randomized controlled trial. JMIR mental health, 3(1), e4614. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.4614.
inegi (2023, 8 de septiembre). Día mundial para la prevención del suicidio. Comunicado de Prensa Núm. 542/23. https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/aproposito/2023/EAP_Suicidio23.pdf.
Isaac M, Elias B, Katz LY, et al. (2009). Gatekeeper Training as a Preventative Intervention for Suicide: A Systematic Review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry; 54(4): 260-268. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400407.
Mann, J.J., Apter A, Bertolote, J., Beautrais, A., Currier, D., Haas, A., Hegerl, U., Lonnqvist, J., Malone, K., Marusic, A., Mehlum, L., Patton, G., Phillips, M., Rutz, W., Rihmer, Z., Schmidtke, A., Shaffer, D., Silverman, M., Takahashi, Y., Varnik, A., Wasserman, D., Yip, P., y Hendin, H.. (2005). Suicide prevention strategies: a systematic review. JAMA 26;294(16): 2064-74. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.294.16.2064.
Mann, J.J., Michel, C.A., y Auerbach, R. P., (2021). Improving suicide prevention through evidence-based strategies: A systematic review. American Journal of Psychatry. 178(7): 611-624. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20060864.
Miller, W. y Rollnick, S. (1990). La Entrevista Motivacional. Paidós
Mo, P.K.H., Ko, T.T. y Xin, M.Q. (2018). School-based gatekeeper training programmes in enhancing gatekeepers’ cognitions and behaviours for adolescent suicide prevention: a systematic review. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 12, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-018-0233-4.
National Strategy for Suicide Prevention (2001). Goals and objectives for action. Center for Mental Health Services; Office of the Surgeon General (US), Rockville (MD): US Public Health Service. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44281/.
oms. (2014). Prevención del Suicidio: un imperativo Global. Organización Mundial de la Salud. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241564779.
ops (2003). La Brecha de Tratamiento en la región de las Américas. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. https://www3.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docmanyview=downloadycategory_slug=documentos-nivel-regional-7363yalias=23177-brecha-tratamiento-americas-177yItemid=270ylang=es.
qpr Institute (2023). About QPR. Recuperado el 13 de Julio de 2023 https://qprinstitute.com/about-qpr.
Quinnett, P. (2007). qpr gatekeeper training for suicide prevention: The model, rationale and theory. Recuperado de https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254002929_QPR_Gatekeeper_Training_for_Suicide_Prevention_The_Model_Rationale_and_Theory.
Rosenberg, S., Mendoza, J., y Lifeline Australia y Suicide Prevention Australia (Organization) (2010). Suicide and suicide prevention in Australia: breaking the silence. Lifeline Australia: Suicide Prevention Australia, [Australia]. https://nceph.anu.edu.au/files/breaking_the_silence_secured.pdf#page8.
Ross, S. G., Pazienza, R., y Rosa, J. D. (2023). The Suicide Prevention for College Student (spcs) Gatekeepers program. Crisis The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000914.
Santillán, C. (2023). Guardianes para la prevención del suicidio en L. Eguiluz, y C. Santillán (Eds.) Pensamiento Suicida (pp. 135-145). Pax-Terracota.
Santillán, C. y Corchado, A. (2019a). (Coords.) Centro de Atención y Apoyo para Estudiantes. unam fesi. https://fenix.iztacala.unam.mx/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/LIBRO-CAOPE.pdf.
Santillán., C., Chávez, E., García, H., Meza, A., Flores, O., Valle, S. (2019b). Atención de emergencias psicológicas a estudiantes de las carreras de salud en la unam fesi. En R. Valdés y L. Arenas. Simplemente quería desaparecer. 171-182. https://www.insp.mx/resources/images/stories/2019/Docs/190731_Conducta_suicida.pdf.
Santillán, C. (2019c) ¿Cómo podemos prevenir el suicidio? REDES. Revista de Divulgación Crisis y Retos en la Familia y Pareja,(21), 55-59. https://cuved.unam.mx/revistas/index.php/RRDCR/article/view/242.
Terpstra, S., Beekman, A., Abbing, J. et al. (2018). Suicide prevention gatekeeper training in the Netherlands improves gatekeepers’ knowledge of suicide prevention and their confidence to discuss suicidality, an observational study. BMC Public Health 18, 637. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5512-8.
Yonemoto, N., Kawashima, Y., Endo, K. y Yamada, M. (2019) Gatekeeper training for suicidal behaviors: A systematic Review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 246, 506-514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.052.
utel Universidad (2020, abril). Guardianes de Emergencias psicológicas del Estudiante. [Video]. Youtube. https://youtu.be/Mj9G6zx8pFY.
Voss, C., Ollmann, T. M., Miché, M., Venz, J., Hoyer, J., Pieper, L., … y Beesdo-Baum, K. (2019). Prevalence, onset, and course of suicidal behavior among adolescents and young adults in Germany. JAMA network open, 2(10), e1914386-e1914386. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.14386.
Zalsman, G., et al., (2016). Suicide prevention strategies revisited 10-year systematic review. Lancet Psychiatry, 3: 646-659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30030-X.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista Digital Universitaria
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Revista Digital Universitaria es editada por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional. Basada en una obra en http://revista.unam.mx/.
